In this Class 5 Math lecture, students learn how to decide between using HCF (Highest Common Factor) and LCM (Least Common Multiple) in different types of word problems. The lesson begins with a clear explanation of factors and multiples, helping students understand how they form the basis of HCF and LCM. Students explore how HCF is applied when dividing things equally or forming groups with no remainder, while LCM is used when events repeat or need to happen together. The lecture highlights key signal words to identify whether to use HCF or LCM, and provides simple examples with step-by-step solutions. Real-life problems such as dividing fruits, grouping students, arranging chairs, or measuring water are included to show how to apply these concepts correctly. By the end of the lecture, students can confidently recognise when to use HCF or LCM by connecting the ideas of factors and multiples with practical problem-solving.